Biggest public health insurance funds ("mutualities") in Belgium 2014-2021

In 2021, the Christian Mutuality had the most members of all providers of statutory health insurance in Belgium. Health insurance is compulsory in the country, and organized by way of health insurance funds or so-called mutualities (in Dutch: mutualiteit or ziekenfonds, in French: mutualité). There are seven national mutualities to choose from, most with names that suggest an affiliation to Belgium's political parties. These are:

• The (National) Christian Mutuality or Landsbond der christelijke mutualiteiten (LCM) / Alliance nationale des mutualités chrétiennes (ANMC);
• The (National) Socialist Mutuality or Nationaal verbond van socialistische mutualiteiten (NVSM) / Union nationale des mutualités socialistes (UNMS);
• The (National) Independent Mutualities or Landsbond van de onafhankelijke ziekenfondsen (LOZ) / Union nationale des mutualités libres (UNML);
• The (National) Liberal Mutuality or Landsbond van liberale mutualiteiten (LLM) / Union nationale des mutualités libérales (UNML);
• The (National) Neutral Mutuality or Landsbond van de neutrale ziekenfondsen (LNM) / Union nationale des mutualités neutres (UNMN);
• The HZIV / CAAMI or Hulpkas voor ziekte-en invaliditeitsverzekering / Caisse auxiliaire d'assurance maladie-invalidité, a government agency for health and disability insurance;
• The mutuality for employees of HR Rail (legally the employers of personnel working for Belgium railway company NMBS/SNCB) or Kas der geneeskundige verzorging van HR rail / Caisse des soins de santé HR rail.

Within these mandatory health insurances, which are paid by social benefits and government subsidies, patients are free to choose their own medical professionals and places of treatment. This makes the mutualities fundamentally different than additional, private health insurance. Of Belgium's private health insurance companies, ERGO reached the highest market share in 2021.