Return on capital of Finland's Ilmarinen pension fund, 2018-2022
Ilmarinen is one of Finland’s largest private earnings-related pension insurance company. Between 2018 and 2022, the fund's return on capital fluctuated, from a negative 1.4 percent in 2018 to a peak of 15.3 percent in 2021. In 2022, the fund's return on capital turned negative by 6.6 percent.